There’s a cash value component in IUL that’s often tied to a stock market index, such as the Nasdaq-100, S&P 500 or a combination of indexes. You might also have the option of a fixed-interest investment. When you pay premiums, part of the money goes to (potentially high) policy fees and charges, and the remaining goes into cash value. It’s important to understand the boundaries of your potential investment gains. Indexed universal life insurance policies have participation rates and caps. The participation rate is a portion of the index gains that your cash value will actually receive. For instance, if your index went up 10%, and you have a participation rate of 50%, you’ll gain 5% upside. Additionally, there’s usually a cap, which is the maximum percentage you can gain no matter how well the index performs. If your index plummets, you’ll still have a “floor” that guarantees a minimum return rate, which can be 0%. Still, it’s possible to lose all your cash value if policy charges and expenses eat through your money. Owning an IUL policy doesn’t mean that your money is actually invested in the index. In reality, insurers still mainly invest in bonds. So the index is just a barometer to calculate cash value gains and losses. And the calculation of your gains won’t include any dividends that you might otherwise pocket if you invested directly.